A keyboard is a peripheral device used to input data into a computer or other electronic devices. It consists of a set of keys or buttons, each of which corresponds to a specific character, number, function, or control. Keyboards can be found in various layouts depending on the language or region, with the most common layout being the QWERTY layout.

The primary components of a keyboard include:

1. Alphanumeric keys: These are the standard keys used for typing letters and numbers. They include the alphabetic keys (A-Z), numeric keys (0-9), and common symbols (e.g., punctuation marks).

2. Function keys: These are keys labeled F1 through F12 and are often used to perform specific tasks or shortcuts in various software programs.

3. Modifier keys: These keys (such as Shift, Ctrl, and Alt) are used in combination with other keys to perform additional functions or create shortcuts.

4. Control keys: These keys (like the Enter, Escape, and Backspace keys) control various functions within a computer or device, such as executing commands, canceling actions, or navigating.

5. Navigation keys: These include keys like the arrow keys, Page Up, Page Down, Home, and End, which help users navigate through documents, webpages, and menus.

6. Special keys: Some keyboards also have specialized keys for specific tasks, such as the Caps Lock, Num Lock, Scroll Lock, or Windows key (on Windows-based systems).

Keyboards connect to devices either through wired connections (like USB) or wireless connections (such as Bluetooth). They can be used in a variety of devices, including computers, laptops, tablets, smartphones, and even some gaming consoles.

Modern keyboards may also feature mechanical switches, which provide tactile feedback when a key is pressed, or membrane switches, which are quieter but less tactile. Some keyboards include additional features like customizable backlighting, programmable keys, and ergonomic designs for comfort.